碳鋼
carbon steel
碳鋼也叫碳素鋼，是含碳量（wc）小于2%的鐵碳合金。碳鋼除含碳外一般還含有少量的硅、錳、硫、磷。
Carbon steel, also called carbon steel, is an iron carbon alloy with carbon content (WC) less than 2%. Carbon steel usually contains a small amount of silicon, manganese, sulfur and phosphorus besides carbon.
按用處能夠把碳鋼分為碳素結構鋼、碳素工具鋼和易切削結構鋼三類。碳素結構鋼又可分為修建結構鋼和機器制作結構鋼兩種。
Carbon steel can be divided into three types: carbon structural steel, carbon tool steel and free cutting structural steel. Carbon structural steel can be further divided into two types: structural steel and machine structural steel.
按含碳量能夠把碳鋼分為低碳鋼(wc≤0.25%)，中碳鋼(wc 0.25%~0.6%)和高碳鋼(wc >0.6%)。按磷、硫含量能夠把碳素鋼分為一般碳素鋼(含磷、硫較高)、優質碳素鋼(含磷、硫較低)和高檔優質鋼(含磷、硫更低)。
According to the carbon content of the steel can be divided into low carbon steel (WC = 0.25%), medium carbon steel and high carbon steel (WC 0.25%~0.6%) (WC >0.6%). Carbon steel can be divided into common carbon steel (phosphorus and sulfur), high quality carbon steel (low phosphorus and sulfur) and high grade high quality steel (containing phosphorus and sulfur) according to the content of phosphorus and sulfur.
一般碳鋼中含碳量越高則硬度越高，強度也越高，但塑性下降。
In general carbon steel, the higher the carbon content, the higher the hardness, the higher the strength, but the plasticity decreases.
碳素結構鋼
Carbon structural steel
這類鋼首要確保力學功能，故其商標表現其力學功能，用Q+數字表明，其中“Q”為屈服點“屈”字的漢語拼音字首，數字表明屈服點數值，例如Q275表明屈服點為275MPa。若商標后邊標示字母A、B、C、D，則表明鋼材質量等級不同，含S、P的量順次下降，鋼材質量順次進步。若在商標后邊標示字母“F”則為沸騰鋼，標示“b”為半鎮靜鋼，不標示“F"或“b”者為鎮靜鋼。例如Q235-A·F表明屈服點為235MPa的A級沸騰鋼，Q235-c表明屈服點為235MPa的c級鎮靜鋼。
碳素結構鋼一般情況下都不經熱處理，而在供應狀態下直接使用。一般Q195、Q215、Q235鋼碳的質量分數低，焊接功能好，塑性、耐性好，有一定強度，常軋制成薄板、鋼筋、焊接鋼管等，用于橋梁、修建等結構和制作一般鉚釘、螺釘、螺母 |
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